Alexander I (of Russia) (1777-1825), emperor of Russia (1801-1825). He abolished many barbarous punishments, introduced a more orderly government, improved the condition of the serfs, and promoted education. Alexander allied with Prussia for a time against Napoleon I of France. In 1807 Alexander allied himself with the French. He broke the alliance in 1812. Napoleon invaded Russia that year but lost his army while retreating from Moscow. Alexander was prominent thereafter in the coalition against Napoleon. Microsoft Encarta Online